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rust-by-practice/zh-CN/src/pattern-match/patterns.md
2022-03-02 22:11:56 +08:00

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# 模式
1. 🌟🌟 使用 `|` 可以匹配多个值, 而使用 `..=` 可以匹配一个闭区间的数值序列
```rust,editable
fn main() {}
fn match_number(n: i32) {
match n {
// 匹配一个单独的值
1 => println!("One!"),
// 使用 `|` 填空,不要使用 `..` 或 `..=`
__ => println!("match 2 -> 5"),
// 匹配一个闭区间的数值序列
6..=10 => {
println!("match 6 -> 10")
},
_ => {
println!("match 11 -> +infinite")
}
}
}
```
2. 🌟🌟🌟 `@` 操作符可以让我们将一个与模式相匹配的值绑定到新的变量上
```rust,editable
struct Point {
x: i32,
y: i32,
}
fn main() {
// 填空,让 p 匹配第二个分支
let p = Point { x: __, y: __ };
match p {
Point { x, y: 0 } => println!("On the x axis at {}", x),
// 第二个分支
Point { x: 0..=5, y: y@ (10 | 20 | 30) } => println!("On the y axis at {}", y),
Point { x, y } => println!("On neither axis: ({}, {})", x, y),
}
}
```
3. 🌟🌟🌟
```rust,editable
// 修复错误
enum Message {
Hello { id: i32 },
}
fn main() {
let msg = Message::Hello { id: 5 };
match msg {
Message::Hello {
id: 3..=7,
} => println!("id 值的范围在 [3, 7] 之间: {}", id),
Message::Hello { id: newid@10 | 11 | 12 } => {
println!("id 值的范围在 [10, 12] 之间: {}", newid)
}
Message::Hello { id } => println!("Found some other id: {}", id),
}
}
```
4. 🌟🌟 匹配守卫match guard是一个位于 match 分支模式之后的额外 if 条件,它能为分支模式提供更进一步的匹配条件。
```rust,editable
// 填空让代码工作,必须使用 `split`
fn main() {
let num = Some(4);
let split = 5;
match num {
Some(x) __ => assert!(x < split),
Some(x) => assert!(x >= split),
None => (),
}
}
```
5. 🌟🌟🌟 使用 `..` 忽略一部分值
```rust,editable
// 填空,让代码工作
fn main() {
let numbers = (2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048);
match numbers {
__ => {
assert_eq!(first, 2);
assert_eq!(last, 2048);
}
}
}
```
> 你可以在[这里](https://github.com/sunface/rust-by-practice)找到答案(在 solutions 路径下)